Insect Behavior, Communication and Learning

Most insect behavior is genetically programmed, or innate. A caterpillar with no prior experience or instruction can still spin a silken cocoon. But can an insect change its behavior as a result of its experiences? In other words, can insects learn? Insects Use Memories to Change Their Behavior You wont see one graduating from Harvard anytime soon, but indeed, most insects can learn. Smart insects will change their behaviors to reflect their associations with and memories of environmental stimuli. For the simple insect nervous system, learning to ignore repetitive and meaningless stimuli is a fairly easy task. Blow air on a cockroachs rear end, and it will flee. If you continue to blow air on the cockroach over and over, it will eventually conclude that the sudden breeze is no cause for concern, and stay put. This learning, called habituation, helps insects save energy by training them to ignore what is harmless. Otherwise, the poor cockroach would spend all its time running away from the wind. Insects Learn From Their Earliest Experiences Imprinting occurs during a brief period of sensitivity to certain stimuli. Youve probably heard stories of baby ducks falling in line behind a human caretaker, or of nesting sea turtles that return to the beach where they hatched years earlier. Some insects also learn this way. Upon emerging from their pupal cases, ants notice and retain the scent of their colony. Other insects imprint on their first food plant, showing a clear preference for that plant for the remainder of their lives. Insects Can Be Trained   Like Pavlovs dogs, insects can also learn through classical conditioning. An insect exposed repeatedly to two unrelated stimuli will soon associate one with the other. Wasps can be given food rewards each time they detect a certain scent. Once a wasp associates food with the smell, it will continue to go to that scent. Some scientists believe trained wasps may replace bomb and drug sniffing dogs in the near future. Honeybees Memorize Flight Routes and Communicate with Dance Routines A honeybee demonstrates its ability to learn each time it leaves its colony to forage. The bee must memorize patterns of landmarks within its environment to guide it back to the colony. Often, she is following the instructions of a fellow worker, as taught to her through the waggle dance. This memorization of details and events is a form of latent learning.

A Good Man Is Hard And Find By Flannery O Connor And...

The two stories I chose were A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O Connor and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Both of these stories have characters who acknowledge their lives changed by taking a risk on evil. The main characters, Goodman Brown and the Grandmother, believe they are good Christians who will receive glorious rewards when they pass. While Hawthorne analyzes the Puritan/Calvinistic beliefs that are confusing and harsh, Goodman can t find restitution. O Connor allows her character the opportunity for poise to regain herself. In the beginning, however, both Goodman Brown and the grandmother set ahead on their trips convinced that they are honest people. Brown s attempts on an adventure into the forest, telling his wife Faith he must go just one more time; even though his wife Faith pleads with him to stay. For he feels he must meet evil and test himself so he can come back with insight knowing that he is, actually, saved. Brown represents humans confronted with the temptation or trying to satisfy their curiosity. After traveling through the forest, Brown is unable to return to the life he once knew. He became a stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man...from the night of that fearful dream (273). In the end Brown loses his wife Faith, and his religious faith. The grandmother is a judgmental, egotistical person who is absolutely unaware of her own flaws until shes faced with death. The evil road taken byShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Young Goodman Brown By Nathaniel O Connor1815 Words   |  8 Pageschose was Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O Connor. Both of these stories have characters who acknowledge their lives to be changed by the risk of evil. The main characters, Goodman Brown and the grandmother, believe that they are good Christians who will obtain glorious rewards when they pass. While Hawthorne analyzes the Puritanical/Calvinist ic beliefes that have harsh, although confused ones, limit with which Goodman can t find restitutionRead MoreSummary Of Young Goodman Brown By Nathaniel Hawthorne Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesThe two short stories Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne and A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O Connor both have characters who allow their lives to be altered by the threat of evil. A detour taken by the family in A Good Man is Hard to Find wreaks havoc, while the wrong path taken by Young Goodman Brown leads him to despair. Although Brown, The Misfit, and the Grandmother have different attitudes and take different approaches to evil, all characters eventually go astray andRead More`` A Good Man Is Hard, And `` Young Goodman Brown ``1162 Words   |  5 PagesEvil in â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† The short stories â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Flannery O Connor and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne both include characters who are greatly affected by the battle between good and evil. â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† tells the story of a family s seemingly normal car trip turning in a tragedy of blood shed after they come face to face with evil himself in the form of The Misfit, a violent killer who has escaped fromRead MoreEvil In Young Goodman Brown And A Good Man Is Hard To Find.1155 Words   |  5 PagesEvil in Young Goodman Brown and A Good Man is Hard to Find The short stories, A Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O Connor and Young Goodman Brown by Nathaniel Hawthorne, introduce into each of their stories characters impacted by malefic. A path deviation undertaken by the family in A Good Man is hard to find leads to a perilous end. On the other hand, the road that takes Brown in â€Å"Young Goodman Brown leads him into an endless misfortune. With different traits and attitudes of the other

What Is Really Going On… free essay sample

Imagine you’re a parent and you’re sending your 18 year old child off to college, to live in the dorms, eat nasty food, and shower with flip flops on. But you’ve forgot an important aspect that comes along with college, sexual assault. Sexual assault can happen between two individuals in a relationship, â€Å"date rape†, and there can be male victims. In my opinion numerous people misapprehend these types of sexual assaults on a campus, and typically stereotype sexual assault on a campus as a drunk girl walking back from a party alone into the arms of a sleazy asshole. That can be the case, but there other scenarios that parents and college kids need to be aware of when they make the choice to live on campus, or even attend college. College campuses are a breeding ground for sexual assault. As a freshman entering a new school, with new faces, and a new setting, potentially new relationships could stem from this. One of these freshman could enter into a relationship with someone they assumed was great; but by the time this naive individual figured it out, it could be too late. Students often fall victim to dating violence because they lack maturity and miss the â€Å"red flags.† Approximately 90% of victims of sexual assault on college campuses know their attacker. 21% of college students report having experienced dating violence by a current partner. 32% of college students experienced dating violence by a pervious partner. Those statistics can summarize how validate the majority of people on a college campus who have experienced sexual assault in a relationship. livepage.apple.com You may think it won’t happen to you or one of your friends, but it happened to one of mine. My friend felt the urgency to dial 911 after her boyfriend of 6 months had punched her, and now her boyfriend is no longer allowed into our dorm. You should be aware of what really is going on behind the sce nes of those â€Å"perfect† relationships and people can implode. We’ve all heard about the dominant frat on campus slipping ruffies in the punch to young college girls right? Well that can actually happen. I attend Salem State University and I’ve heard multiple rumors that the infamous â€Å"yellow† hockey house spikes girls drinks. That’s only a college rumor, but sexual assault as a result of drugs can take place at colleges or universities. The term â€Å"date rape† means rape committed by a person, who could be a friend, acquaintance or stranger, against a victim. Commonly, date rape is referring to drugs or alcohol to facilitate sexual acts that they haven’t consented to. Date rape typically happens to woman aged 15-24, ironic that those are ages of college students. People often take drinks from someone they just metthese â€Å"date rape† instances can happen more than you think. Many people misconstrue the reality that males can experience sexual assault. We often hear stories of the 5 year old boy molested by his sly neighbor, but as these males grow older they’re often at risk for sexual assault on their very own college campuses. Even though they are stereotypically seen as the buff man, 1 in 6 males experience sexual assault. livepage.apple.com Think about the amount of males that live in your own dormitory, thats 1 out of every 6 of them that could potentially be raped, groped, forced into kissing, and tortured in a sexual manner. Lester J. Manzano’s male friend was 1 out of every 6 males to be assaulted. Manzano described the rape of his friend in an article on University of Vermont’s website. livepage.apple.com One of Manzano’s statements that stuck out in my mind is that â€Å"It’s not primarily a crime of sex—it’s a crime of violence, perpetrated against those who are seen to be vulnerable. Manzano makes a valid point, by his statements and testimony on behalf of his friend it is truly evident that males are assaulted on college campuses. The worst thing a person can do is be naive, therefore I challenge you all to not shy away from the fact that there can be male victims. After shedding some light on these new scenarios of sexual assault, you yourself can take action. You probably don’t think you can do anything about sexual assault unless you’re directly involved, but your wrong. Even if you are miles away from your parents and home town, you can be taking measures to reduce the amount of attacks of campuses. RAINN (Rape, Abuse Incest National Network) is one of the nation’s largest anti-sexual violence organizations, and provides an abundant amount of sources, tips, and possible solutions to aid victims. livepage.apple.com RAINN goes into extensive details about how sexual assault is prominent on college campuses and universities. Campus administrators are improving on their efforts in recent years, but there still is a lack of response to victims, inadequate sexual assault training of campus police, and underreporting of campus crimes. Even if you rally up some of your friends to spread awareness of your college campus about the lewd and lascivious behavior you can open up the eyes of many meek college students. So the next time your peers and fellow students think of sexual assault, they won’t think it’s a person in a relationship, drugged against their will or even a male. We as college students are attending universities to educate ourselves, so why don’t we educate ourselves on what is really going on at our own college campuses?

Air Pollution Sources, Effects and Ways of Minimizing

Safeway Supermarket Essay Essay Example

Safeway Supermarket Essay Essay Example Safeway Supermarket Essay Essay Safeway Supermarket Essay Essay Safeway Company has policies that require employees to smile at and do oculus contacts with clients. Most of the clients would see this sort of facial gestures as a friendly manner of making concern. but some clients might misconstrue them as a â€Å"flirt† . Twelve employees had filed ailments about this â€Å"Superior Service† policy and found it unethical for the company to hold clandestine shoppers to descry if there is any lawbreaker. This led to Union to acquire involved and suggest the company to modify the policy. However. the central offices disagreed that the policy was the cause of the misinterpretation. And they think it is necessary to develop their employees to be friendly and holding the right attitude to function their clients. Analysis of the Case Due to the â€Å"Superior Service† Policy implemented by Safeway. clients have two typical letter writer illations on the employees:* Positive: A friendly manner of making concern.* Negative: Employee purpose or effort to chat up with the clients. Although the instances of clients holding a negative letter writer illations on the Safeway Employees is little nevertheless it was a major concern which lead the Union to be involved and accordingly the Policy to be abolished. Q1. How. specifically. is the procedure of ascription illustrated in this instance? Causal Attribution is study on the causes of behaviour based on the followers: * Internal: based on actions for which the person is responsible. * External: based on state of affairss over which the person has no control. Majority of the clients are utilizing Positive letter writer illations to associate the employees to be friendly. The internal causes might be the employees are friendly. helpful and socially natured persons. On the other manus. the external causes might be the employees need to purely follow by the Policy of implemented by Safeway. Culture and norm practiced in Safeway. fright of being sent of Smile School. portion of their KPI and Job Descriptions. Certain clients are utilizing Negative letter writer illations to associate the employees to be coquettish. The internal causes are likely due to the â€Å"Easy going† and â€Å"very social† personalities of the employees. On the other hands the external causes are due to the enlisting and choice procedure in Safeway. the civilization of the company. The negative letter writer illations might be due to the following perceptual prejudices:* Fundamental ascription mistake* Halo consequence* Similar-to-me consequence* First feeling mistake* Selective perceptual experience* Pigeonholing Q2. What do you supposed is being done to assist develop people to be friendlier toward clients? In other words. what would you conceive of goes on in Safeway’s â€Å"Smile Schools† ? Learning is procedure where a comparatively lasting alteration in behavior happening as a consequence of experience. Operant Conditioning is the signifier of acquisition in which people associate the effects of their actions with the actions themselves. Normally the behaviours with positive effects are acquired whilst the behaviours with negative effects tend to be eliminated. Observational Learning is the signifier of acquisition in which people get new behaviours by consistently detecting the wagess and penalties given to others. For Safeway to efficaciously develop the employees to be friendlier. a assortment of developing techniques should be used. Either the preparation should be conducted officially in category in the Smile School and later via on occupation preparation. The Smile School categories should include developing on basic communicating accomplishments. recognizing accomplishments. client relationship accomplishments. Role Play should be included as an effectual manner to integrate the transportation of cognition and accomplishments of the engagement. support of the cognition acquired. Participant can associate to existent life experiences and trainers can measure defects and supply feedback. One of the Role Play should include scenario how to manage hard client under assorted state of affairss. The formal preparation and on occupation preparation would supply both positive and negative support. Positive support is the procedure by which people learn to execute behaviours that lead to the presentation of desired results while negative support is the procedure by which people learn to execute Acts of the Apostless that lead to the remotion of unsought events. Training should be conducted uninterrupted and ongoing so that it will be a uninterrupted support in which all desired behaviours are reinforced. Reinforcement should avoid penalty and should merely be used penalty as the last resort. The aim of penalty is diminishing the unwanted behaviour by following it with unwanted effects. Q3. Describe what you believe might be the progressive subject measure outlined in the warning missive to unfriendly Safeway clerks. Once preparation has been completed and the desired results still have non been reached. Safeway could follow taking progressive subject stairss as illustrated in the diagram below: It is a systematic and progressive method to reenforce the coveted consequence. The coveted consequence and the defects must be communicated decently. Written warning must spell out what is required from the employees. what are the defects. what action will be taken and the effects.

Analytical Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analytical Paper - Essay Example Thus, the world portrayed in this novel resembles that of the nineteenth century laboring America. The paper involves an analysis of how the family, violence, and youth culture issues are manifest in the novel and their existence in the early nineteenth century America. Just like any setting, the author reveals that he has a well-established family and the existence of his family becomes a turning point to him when he finally realized the costs of his youthful acts (William 5). Running from home, after his father whipped him for disobeying his order, he finds himself in a situation of having to serve as a common slave in the ship commonly referred to as his majesty. When he finally finds a way of escaping the shame of constant whips, inadequate food, and clothing, he remembers his family in Hull city and decides to go home. He finds himself in a shock to learn that his family had already gone to America, but just as expected, he finds assistance from his uncle who finally agrees to stay with him as he makes plans of joining his family in America. This makes it clear how important a family is, but the same novel reveals a situation of reliance of the man as the supreme law holder of the family. This is in line with the American nineteenth century la boring society in which every member of the family held importance, and during the securing of slaves by the â€Å"slave masters’’, it was pretty obvious how painful it was to lose a member of the family and not be able to see them for life. A factor, amongst many, that led to the civil rights’ movements of the abolition of vile acts like slave trade. Additionally, women in the novel, besides being generous, are a people who have a lot of influence the controversial issues pertaining to the family. For instance, when William Otter was on his journey to find his parents in Hull, he had

Environmental Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Liability - Essay Example It is in the reasoning with the teleological ethics which calls fro moral obligation towards a desirable good end of any process that the company has acted on the environmental consequence of its business as a part of its moral obligation. Let us look at the initiatives that BP has taken towards addressing the issue of the changes in the environment. (Shah, 2003) BP traces its existence from 1908 when it was involved in the search for oil in the rugged part of Persia after it conducted a long and difficult search for the precious commodity. Since then the company has been able to propel through the years with use of superior technology and good management practices to a global company that it is now. (BP, 2008e) It has different products for the road for home and for business. On the road the company provides BP gas cards, Fuel and stations, motor oil and lubricants, route planner, station locator and target neutral. On our homes the company provides liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and solar which are important sources of energy for our homes. Fore the business field, the company has an array of product like air BP, ARCO Aluminium, Aromatics and Acetyls, Asphalt and Bitumen, BP Crude, BP Franchising, BP gas cards, Gas and power, Industrial Lubricants, Invoice tracking system, Marine fuel and lubricants, and solar. . BP and the environment One of the biggest challenges that the company faced by the turn of the century was increasing criticism from many parts of the world on the way it was responding to the changes that were taking place in the environment. It was a challenge that the company had to take initiatives in since it was a threat to its line business. (Thompson, 2001) The company was faced with an ethical dilemma of continuing with its business amid the outcry from the public on the effects of fossil fuel on the environment. Its direct line of business was being affected and it had to do something. Since the company also understood the effects of the fossil fuels on the environment, there were not many alternatives to the problem and therefore the best way to deal with the problem was to do something about it. It had to stay in business despite the effects it was making on the environment. In light of the deontological ethical theory that dictates that obligatory or the duty that we have, the company had to come up with a way of dealing with the problem. Following the postulation of the theory, the line of business of the company was legal and justified in driving the economic system of the world. But at the same time it the consequences of het action were right and wrong at the same time. They were right in the sense that we all depend on fossil fuel as a source of energy and wrong in the sense that they are polluting the environment. The more the company tried to apply these ethical theories, the more complex the matter became and the more the dilemma. Environment and society In order to address the changes that were taking place in the environment and to play a role in the society, the company started environment and society program. Although the program started on a small scale it has expanded in the recent